The Use of Community of Practice in the Four-Frame Model Free Essay Example, 2000 words

The Structural frame is characterized by rules, regulations, policies, technological usage, and hierarchical roles. This suggests how an organization s governance practices are framed. The structural framework involves sequential working, specialized tasks and top-down flow of information with close supervision by the managers (Wenger, McDermott and Snyder, 2002). The organizational mission is accomplished by clearly defining the objectives and increasing efficiency through a proper division of labor and specialized approach. The success of the firm mostly depends on the activity allocation and restructuring of the problems and issues faced by the organization (Schwen and Hara, 2003). The work allocation is based on the individual knowledge and skill to ensure proper job fit of the employees and taking into account other factors like the time schedule, development of products, customers, process, etc. This approach is mostly mechanical in nature where the employees are expected to follow the plans down to every word. The concept of the community of practice suggests that the employees are given proper guidance from their supervisor so that all the individuals can work as a team. The emphasis of the work allocation of the structural frame can be fully implemented by the community of practice approach. We will write a custom essay sample on The Use of Community of Practice in the Four-Frame Model or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Effects Of Video Games On Children - 890 Words

Quincy Barnhill walks down the endless hallways of Sweet Water High School as he can’t help but notice the grimy gray, metal lockers that seem to go on for miles. As he stops and stares at the timeworn, dusty clock he realizes that the time has come. It’s 11:30 a.m. He knows that the school bell is about to sound signaling the worst part of every school day, lunch period. Barnhill fears lunch period because of the â€Å"popular† kids who tease him for being a â€Å"weird nerd.† They continually taunt him until he has had enough. He runs from the cafeteria to the bathroom to find refuge from the punishment that he endures each and every day. Barnhill can’t wait to get home to play his favorite video game that always made him feel better. He knows that he will be able to escape all the horrible thoughts about the day he had at school. Barnhill is not the only person that uses video gaming as an escape from life. Many people play video games for many different reasons. According to the Pew Internet American Life Project survey, in 2008, 44% of gamers report that they play video games because it helps to learn about a problem in society. Barnhill, now a graduate student at the University of West Alabama is pursing a Masters of Arts in Teaching. He’s on track to graduate in May 2016. â€Å"After graduation, I hope to find a fun, well-paying job,† Barnhill said. â€Å"I can’t wait to graduate and hopefully start a family.† â€Å"Video gaming has always had a huge impact on my life,† BarnhillShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Children Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Video games have always been a controversial type of entertainment, that may come from how relatively new video games are compared to other mediums of entertainment[1]. Maybe because of that when a violent crime occurs and the culprit has played a lot of games the media is quick to point at violent games as the reason for the crime, but is that true or are the media just biased or looking for quick views, this report aims to answer that question. Do games affect our way of thinkingRead MoreEffects Of Video Games On Children Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesScreening to a halt: Are parents in New Zealand able to identify signs of dependency or addiction in their children due to over use of screen-time from the recreational use of video games? Digital technology and the vast amount of video games have increased the amount of screen time consumption in contemporary New Zealand society. The saturation of smart phones, ipad’s, tablets, computers, game consoles and the Internet are devices with the means of connection to gaming. Many New Zealand families integrateRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Video Games on Children Technology today has progressed rapidly from generation to generation. Children and young adults are both into video games and the latest gadgets out there. Video games have been available to customers for the last 30 years. They are a unique way to entertain individuals because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Victor Strasburger an author of â€Å"Children, Adolescents, and the media† stated â€Å"The rising popularity of video games hasRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1548 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Games Introduction Today video games are a staple in most households. It is pretty amazing to know that the first creation of games date all the way back to the 1900s. They were not originally invented to make a profit, but to give patients something to do while waiting in the lobby of an office. One inventor had a simple idea of using the monitor not just as a television set, but as a way to play games. College students were just playing around with equipment and happened upon something greatRead MoreThe Effects of Video and Video Games on Children2043 Words   |  8 Pagesaction, usually in a cartoon, movie, or video game. For many of us, Disney is where we refer back to early forms of animation with the idea of using thousands of consecutive drawings; through Disney, we can now see how far this idea of breathing life into static objects has advanced. Today, animation is becoming more and more realistic. With highly advanced technology and computer programs, it has become easier for simple cartoons to develop into what children see as real life. These animated cartoonsRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children927 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games are a more interesting form of entertainment for the simple reason that players may become part of the game’s plot. Video games were invented for many years now. However, the current variety of games raised concerns about how they affect the children s behavior due to the fact that the games are becoming more sophisticated. Children spend most of their free time playing video games. Sometimes children refrain from completing important duties and dedicate all of their time playing videoRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children940 Words   |  4 Pageswas bored they went outside to play, they created new games, or they played with friends. But, for the past three decades, video games and other digital media have been persuading many adolescents and children to spend the majority of their time playing them. Video games seem to satisfy children’s natural need to interact socially, however more often than not, they lead to social isolation. Overexposure to digital media, such as video games is detrimental to the health and function of a child’sRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children1519 Words   |  7 PagesVideo games in the 21st century have transformed from friendly competing into guns, explosions, and major violence. Video games are getting away with more violence every year and the games are becoming more extreme. The consistence and severity of violence is at an all-time high leading the most popular games in the gaming community to have a ‘mature’ rating due to the considerable amount of violence involved. For example, one of the highest selling video games of all time grossing one billion itsRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1656 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction For more than 30 years, video gaming has been a popular activity amongst many of America’s children. With over $63 billion (Reuters, reuters.com) worth sold each year, video games are here to stay. While much controversy has arisen over the subject, video games have benefited the United States of America and its citizens to a great degree. For example, the military and CIA use gaming to train soldiers (Davidson, www.ehow.com), and classrooms use video games to teach students. The potentialRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Video Games We see it everywhere we go, video games. Kids and adults are being captivated over the new video games that are coming out. Call of Duty, Battlefield,Uncharted; these are the games that people are enjoying and becoming fascinated with. What do all of those things have in common? There is only one answer and that is violence. Fighting, shooting, killing, these are the things that video games bring to the table and stimulate people s minds. We should ask ourselves whether

The Hart vs Devlin Debate free essay sample

This essay will seek to examine the contention that should the Government introduce a minimum price for alcohol and other measures, such as restricting multi-buy offers in shops and off-licences and promotions in bars, in an effort to reduce the nation’s consumption of alcohol, in particular binge drinking? Of particular interest in this area is the fascinating debate between H. L. A. Hart and Sir Patrick Devlin sparked by the publication of the Wolfenden Report on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution. Their analysis of the desirability of regulating morality is a vital addition to any consideration of this question and will form a large part of my enquiry. The renowned and much analysed  Hart v Devlin debate  on the legal enforcement of morality saw its origins in the publication of the Report of the Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution (hereafter referred to as the Wolfenden Report). The committee concluded that unless society made desirable attempts to lawfully equate the sphere of crimes in private morality which is separate from law will be exposed. However this did not encourage pubic immorality rather homosexual behaviour between adults who consented should no longer be a criminal offence under Sexual Offences Act 1957. Nonetheless two years later Lord Devlin  criticised this report in his book the ‘The Enforcement of Morals’. Professor Hart  supported the general proposal of this report and attacked Devlin’s argument. Devlin wrote and published The Enforcement of Morals, in which he argues that morality is part of the fabric of society and that immoral conduct therefore presents a clear threat, the neutralisation of which takes precedence over individual freedom. â€Å"Devlin argued that one of the essential elements of a society is a shared morality. †The maximum individual freedom that is consistent with the integrity of society should be determined based on the intolerance, indignation and disgust of ordinary people. This viewpoint has been co-opted by religious and other strongly conservative groups campaigning against binge drinking and cheap sale of alcohol. He argued that the policing of vice e. g. alcoholism is as important a function  of the law as the policing of subversive activities. Devlin contended that it is as difficult to delineate the realm of private morality as it is to ascertain one relating to private subversive activity. He submitted that an acknowledged moral code is as necessary to society’s existence as a recognised government and that its maintenance is equally important. Hence, he argued that one who is no apparent menace to others may, by his immoral conduct, jeopardise part of the moral establishment on which society is based. Given that every society is entitled to preserve its own existence, he submitted that it follows that it has the right to employ the institution of the criminal law and its sanctions to enforce that objective. Lord Devlin postulated the test that every moral judgment should be determined on the fundamental basis that no right-minded man could act in any other way without admitting that he was doing wrong. Such a question should be left to the judgment of a jury of peers, where the decision could be left to a matter of feeling and conscience. His Lordship thereafter attempted to set in place a threshold for the intervention of the criminal law. He argued that the law was entitled to intervene to address behaviour that aroused feelings of indignation and disgust in society. H. L. A. Hart, a confirmed and dedicated positivist and liberal, disagreed with Devlin in Law, Liberty and Morality, published in 1963. He argues against fixing the morality of a society by cementing it in place with law, since morality is a social standard which changes as the society changes and develops, consistent not only with the preservation of society but with its advance. â€Å"The problem is that beliefs about moral matters change. † This is not something which must be maintained in the interests of societal integrity but which must be allowed to modulate as society does. He observed It seems fatally easy to believe that loyalty to democratic principles entails acceptance of what may be termed moral populism: The view that the majority have a moral right to dictate how all should live. This is a misunderstanding of democracy which still menaces individual liberty. † Hart argues that the theories put forward by Devlin are unsustainable. Devlin is mistaken because he gave no evidence that enforcing morality is required to preserve a society. Hart does not argue that members of civil society should not follow moral standards but he believes this can be best achieved by discussion, advice and debates rather than law. Using the law as weapon to secure moral standards through fear of punishment symbolises the condemnation and social insult of departing from moral values. â€Å"Hart’s theory of law does not give a central role to sanctions. †The price of seeking to impose moral value by legal sanction in terms of punishment in turn results to loss of freedom. Furthermore, in his (classically liberal) view there is a distinction to be drawn, the offence caused by immoral acts taking place in public and being witnessed by others, and that caused by the knowledge that immoral conduct takes place in private. This is identifiable as a direct descendant of Mills harm principle; that harm to others can and should be regulated, but that the law should not intervene to regulate the private acts of individuals which harm only themselves. However, the key problem with the harm principle has always been that it requires a line to be drawn between what causes harm and should be regulated, and what merely attracts disapproval and rightly belongs to the freedom permitted to the individual in liberal law systems. Applied to the cheap sale of alcohol this problem becomes crucial while proven harm caused by binge drinking would be a strong case under the harm principle for strict regulation, there is an inescapable difficulty in evaluating the harm it causes in a meaningful manner. In relation to the question presented of whether or not the government should introduce a minimum price for alcohol and other measures, such as restricting multi-buy offers in shops and off-licences and promotions in bars, in an effort to reduce the nation’s consumption of alcohol, in particular binge drinking, Devlin, judging by his observations would very much answer yes as it would cut the number of days lost in absenteeism; it would also cut hospital admissions and alcohol-related crimes as well as saving money thereby benefiting and upholding the morals of society as binge drinkers can be seen as a threat to social order. Professor Martin Plant an expert witness told the health select committee that â€Å"supermarkets are exhibiting the morality of a crack dealer† he also stated bluntly â€Å"Cheap alcohol kills people. † Hart who is totally on the other side of the moral spectrum to Devlin would answer no to the question based on his argument that the law should not be used as a weapon, trying to cut the nation’s alcohol consumption through the means of increasing its price etc. would serve to go against the very nature of a democratic society. In conclusion, while I cannot agree with Devlins conservative and religiously inspired stance, I can see that his wider view on the social cost of such activity is one which bears reconsideration. We need to set aside established principles for a moment and try to think of new ways to look at the notion of harm, and perhaps more crucially, the notion of victim. The modern polemic relating to ‘political correctness’ and nagging fears concerning the activities of the so-called ‘nanny state’ and ‘thought police’ is relevant in this context and adds some weight to the argument that law and private morality should be distinguished.  Ultimately the question is a quintessentially personal one and a democratic society can only arrive at an answer by ascertaining a general consensus of individual opinions on the issue I. e. the cheap sale of alcohol and binge drinking in this case.